<p>Senator Stephen Benton Elkins House, also known as Halliehurst, is an historic mansion located at Elkins, Randolph County, West Virginia. It was designed by architect Charles T. Mott and built in 1890, as a summer home for USA Senator Stephen Benton Elkins. It consists of a three-story main block with hipped roof and service wing. The roof is punctuated by towers, turrets, dormers, and chimneys. A porch surrounds much of the first floor. It features a two-story portico with columns around a central, flat roofed tower. Located on a mountainside, it commands a view of the valley beneath and the forest and mountain peaks that surround the valley. In 1923, the house and approximately 60 acres of land were deeded to Davis & Elkins College by Sen. Elkins&#39; widow.</p><br>
<p>In 1990 the mansion and the gatehouse were restored. Frantz P. Pugh of Elkins was recognized in 1990 when the college named him their Volunteer of the Year and designated him their heritage buildings restorationist and conserver of the fabric as a result of the restoration effort in reclaiming the Halliehurst mansion and its gatehouse on campus.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It is a contributing property in the Davis and Elkins Historic District, a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>Rod&#39;s Pot is a limestone cave above Burrington Combe in the Mendip Hills, in Somerset, England.</p><br>
<p>The cave was first excavated in 1944 by the University of Bristol Spelæological Society. It is one of a line of swallets marking the junction of the Limestone shales with the Carboniferous Limestones where water running off the Old Red Sandstone of Blackdown finds its way underground.</p><br>
<p>Further excavation has now linked Rod&#39;s Pot to nearby Bath Swallet.</p><br>
<p>The cave was originally known as Pearce&#39;s Pot after Dr Rodney Pearce.</p><br>
<h2>Main Features</h2><br>
<p>Rods Pot is formed mainly of vertical rift passages, probably in the original joints in the limestone which have been enlarged by water action. The north wall of the main chamber is a continuation of the main chamber in Reads Cave, a quarter mile to the west.</p><br>
<p>The entry chamber divides into two passages about 30 ft high and 40 ft long. They merge again at the top of a 50 ft deep vertical pothole which is a dead end. From the top of the pothole a 30 ft long passage leads to the roof of the main chamber. The main chamber is about 70 ft long, 20 ft high and slopes down some 40 ft. It contains a stalagmite pillar formation and several stalactite curtains.</p><br>
<p>A small hole leads to a smaller chamber about 2 ft high in which is a stalactite curtain about 8 ft long and which is translucent and coloured with stripes of reddish-brown deposits. A further passageway leads to the terminal pothole.</p><br>
<p>At the base of the Bear Pit, a 3 metre deep chamber reached through a small hole halfway through the cave, a pool containing a small community of Niphargus fontanus been found.</p><br>
<p>Bolesworth Castle is a country house 2 mi south of the village of Tattenhall, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Bolesworth Castle was built for George Walmesley, a Manchester businessman, to a design by William Cole in 1829, In 1856 it was bought by Robert Barbour, a Scottish businessman who founded a cotton textile business in Manchester. It has remained in the Barbour family since. In 1920–23 the castle was partly remodelled by Clough Williams-Ellis.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is built in ashlar sandstone and is castellated. It is mainly in two storeys with wide canted bays in the centre and on the right, and a wide round bay on the left. At the centre, and recessed, is a three-story tower with turrets.</p><br>
<p>Around the house and in the grounds are a number of structures which are listed Grade II. These are the wall and steps of the upper and middle terraces, the wall of the lower terrace, a temple with a statue of Diana, the park gates, gate piers and wing walls on the north drive, gate piers on the drive from Chowley Lodge, an open shelter, a bridge over the fishpool, and a boat house.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history and present day</h2><br>
<p>The house and estate of 6,000 acre were inherited in 1989 by Anthony Barbour, making him one of the largest landowners in Cheshire. He developed the estate as a centre for small businesses, restoring redundant buildings and modernising its 16 farms, thereby supporting some 800 jobs. Barbour also replanted the garden with over 350 varieties of trees. In 1998 he was awarded the Bledisloe gold medal by the Royal Agricultural Society of England for the work he did on the estate. Barbour died in 2007. Since then the estate has been cared for by his wife, Diana, and by his daughter, Nina, who is the director of the estate. Nina also organises the annual Bolesworth International show jumping event in the grounds.</p><br>
<p>The Saddle Creek Underpass is located in the Midtown area of Omaha, Nebraska. Designed to carry Saddle Creek Road under Dodge Street , the underpass was constructed in 1934 by the Works Progress Administration. It was included on the Bridges in Nebraska Multiple Property Submission on June 29, 1992.</p><br>
<h2>About</h2><br>
<p>The Nebraska Department of Roads Biennial Report of 1933-34 describes the construction of the underpass as featuring "a complete, modern street light system, and interlocking traffic control signal system, two pedestrian subways, and a grade separation of Dodge Street and Saddle Creek Boulevard."</p><br>
<p>Built by the Works Progress Administration, over 1,175 cubic yards of dirt were excavated to lower Saddle Creek Road sufficiently to pass under the overpass. The project was completed in 1934, and was designed to accommodate the westernmost addition to Omaha&#39;s boulevard system, which was originally called Saddle Creek Boulevard. Saddle Creek Road still utilizes the underpass today as it sits between the Morton Meadows and Dundee neighborhoods. As of 2004 the Underpass was the only property listed on the National Register in either neighborhood, although each one has submitted applications to be listed as a historic district.</p><br>
<p>The Savuto is a river and valley in Calabria, Italy, that lies at the intersection of the provinces of Cosenza and Catanzaro. It is also the name of a DOC wine produced in the region.</p><br>
<p>The river&#39;s source is in La Sila and it empties into the Tyrrhenian Sea, at the Gulf of Sant&#39;Eufemia, after a run of 48 km.</p><br>
<p>The name originates from the Latin Sabutus, and it may also correspond to the Greek Ocinaros ("that flows quickly"), on which there was located the ancient town of Temesa.</p><br>
<p>It is also the name of a small village near the river</p><br>
<p>The Savuto valley is home to many towns (It: comuni including: Aprigliano, Parenti, Rogliano, Santo Stefano di Rogliano, Marzi, Carpanzano, Malito, Scigliano, Pedivigliano, Altilia, Grimaldi, Aiello Calabro, Martirano, San Mango d&#39;Aquino, Savuto, and Nocera Terinese known collectively as "towns of the Savuto" (It: Paesi del Savuto).</p><br>
<p>The Daniel Webster Family Home, also known as The Elms, is a historic house on South Main Street in West Franklin, New Hampshire. The house has been designated a National Historic Landmark for its importance as the summer home of Daniel Webster , who owned it from 1829 until his death.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Daniel Websters father, Ebenezer, bought the property in 1800, while Daniel was a student at Dartmouth College. The property passed in 1806 to Daniels brother Ezekiel, who died in 1829, at which time Daniel bought it. The Elms served as an "experimental farm" and "vacation retreat" for Webster while he lived in Massachusetts, and the land was a gravesite for his parents, brothers and sisters.</p><br>
<p>The property was sold by Webster&#39;s heirs to the Sisters of the Holy Cross, who used it as an orphanage. The property is now part of the Webster Place Recovery Center, which treats those recovering from alcohol and drug addiction.</p><br>
<p>It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The main block of the house is a 2.5 story wood frame structure, sheathed in clapboards, and topped with a gable roof. It is five bays wide, with a center entry that is flanked by pilasters, and topped by a five-pane transom window and cornice. The interior of the house consists of two rooms on each floor, divided by a central chimney, whose top has been removed (and thus does not project above the roof anymore). The downstairs left room was divided to provide a kitchen space. The older part of the house is dominated visually by a large addition on the east side of the building, which was probably added when the property was adapted for use as an orphanage.</p><br>
<p>The First Congregational Church is a historic church building in the Marcy-Holmes neighborhood of Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, built in 1886. It is constructed of red sandstone in Gothic-Romanesque style, featuring round-arched windows and semi-circular rows of pews. When initially completed the building was in a residential neighborhood surrounded by mansions of prominent citizens and merchants of the time, including Octavius Broughton, Woodbury Fisk, Thomas Andrews, Horatio P. Van Cleve, William McNair, and John Dudley. Over time the neighborhood changed to a more transient population, dominated by students attending the University of Minnesota. Architect Warren H. Hayes  was Minneapolis&#39; leading designer of churches in the 19th century, having designed the Calvary Baptist Church, Fowler Methodist Episcopal Church, and Wesley Methodist Episcopal Church, as well as the Central Presbyterian Church in Saint Paul.</p><br>
<p>Hubert Humphrey, 38th Vice President of the United States, was a member of this congregation.</p><br>
<p>Reber Radio Telescope is a parabolic radio telescope built by astronomer Grote Reber in his back yard in Illinois in 1937, implementing an earlier proposal of Karl Jansky, the discoverer  of radio waves emanating from the Milky Way. It was the second radio telescope ever built , and the first parabolic radio telescope, serving as a prototype for the first large dish radio telescopes such as the Green Bank Telescope and Lovell Telescope constructed after World War 2. Made of sheet metal with a 31.4 foot  aperture and 20 foot  focal length, it was the largest parabolic dish in existence at the time. Reber was the worlds only radio astronomer at the time, and his construction of the telescope and the sky surveys he did with it helped found the field of radio astronomy, revealing radio sources such as Cassiopeia A and Cygnus X-1 for the first time.</p><br>
<p>Reber sold the telescope to the US National Bureau of Standards and it was moved to Sterling, Virginia, then later it became the property of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) and was moved to Boulder, Colorado, and finally to Green Bank, West Virginia.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The Wesley United Methodist Church  building was constructed of granite, stone, brick, and sandstone in Richardsonian Romanesque style, featuring round-arched windows and multiple towers. When built, the building was in the residential neighborhood of Loring Park at 101 Grant Street East; it was built during Minneapolis building boom in the last decade of the 19th century. Architect Warren H. Hayes  was Minneapolis leading designer of churches in the 19th century, having designed the Calvary Baptist Church, Fowler Methodist Episcopal Church, and the First Congregational Church, as well as the Central Presbyterian Church in Saint Paul. Today the location is overwhelmed by the neighboring Minneapolis Convention Center.</p><br>
<p>The church was renamed Wesley United Methodist Church when the Methodist Episcopal Church and Evangelical United Brethren Church merged in 1968. The Preservation Alliance of Minnesota listed it on its 2010 10 Most Endangered Historic Places list.</p><br>
<p>The Riley Lucas Bartholomew House is a historic house museum in Richfield, Minnesota, United States, originally the home of prominent early Minnesotan Riley Bartholomew . The Richfield Historical Society operates the house as the Bartholomew House Museum adjacent to their Richfield History Center.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1852, when Fort Snelling was greatly reduced in size, the area that would become the city of Richfield became available for settlement. Bartholomew came to the area and filed a claim on the shores of Wood Lake. He proceeded to build the two-story section of the home with local lumber, using white pine for the floors. His wife, Fanny, and two children joined him in the spring of 1853. Soon after the construction of the house, two additions were added by moving two single story dwellings from near Minnehaha Falls and adding them on to the house. Bartholomew went on to become influential in local politics as a member of the Republican Constitutional Convention which framed the Minnesota Constitution in 1857. He also represented District Four in the Minnesota Senate.</p><br>
<p>The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for local significance in military and politics/government for its association with Riley Bartholomew.</p><br>
<p>Old Main, Bethany College is a historic building group on the Bethany College campus in West Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was constructed from 1858–1871 on a design by architect James Keys Wilson with the firm of Walter & Wilson (with William Walter) and is an important surviving example of 19th-century Gothic Revival architecture. Wilson became a renowned architect in Cincinnati, Ohio.</p><br>
<p>Wilsons design was influenced by James Renwick, whose office he studied in, and may have been modeled after Renwicks Smithsonian Museum (constructed 1845–1847) design. Wilson was in partnership with William Walter, an older architect, at the time of Old Mains construction but the design was most likely Wilsons "because his training had occurred during the increasing vogue of the Gothic style". William Kimbrough Pendleton, a faculty member and vice-president of Bethany College also had a role and contributed his practical knowledge of architecture with the supervision of construction and has been credited with responsibility for its placement on the crest of the hill as well as suggesting the arcade (architecture) on the back of the building. He may also have been responsible for the installation of firewalls, which permitted it to survive the 1879 fire that destroyed Society Hall.</p><br>
<p>The building was constructed from 1858 and 1871 and "represents" the college&#39;s "pivotal historical role as the headquarters of Alexander Campbell (1788–1866), a principal founder of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)."</p><br>
<p>A 1909 photo shows the coal smokestacks on the roofline.</p><br>
<p>John F. Kennedy spoke at its Commencement Hall in 1960 during his presidential primary campaign that won West Virginia.</p><br>
<p>Old Main was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>The Old Main building includes Commencement Hall, used for concerts, convocations, lectures, dramatic presentations, special functions, dinners, and other gatherings; Kirkpatrick Hall of Life Sciences, devoted to biology, microbiology, and botany laboratories, a greenhouse, faculty offices, a student library and conference room, a psychology computer laboratory, an experimental psychology laboratory, an animal research laboratory, a cold room for experiments, classrooms relating to the life sciences, a classroom for environmental science, and a student psychology lounge; the Media Center, used for administration, use, storing and dispensing of media equipment; the Academic Parlour, used for lectures, receptions, and special gatherings; the Trustee Board Room, used for board of trustees meetings; Trustee Hall of Fame Room, used for receptions; Office of the Vice President and Dean of Faculty, a suite of rooms to the left of the main entrance; Office of the President, a suite of rooms to the right of the main entrance; seminar rooms; webmaster information technology center; and classrooms, many of which are dedicated to professors, alumni, trustees, administrators. The first completed portion of Old Main, what college founder Alexander Campbell called the New Edifice, was Society Hall, which provided for the literary societies and their libraries, as well as a temporary chapel. It later burned in 1879.</p><br>
<p>Society Hall was ready for use at the opening of the 1858 session, and by the close of the year 1859, 150 feet of frontage of the New Edifice had been completed. Work continued until July 1862 when the finance committee of the board of trustees called a halt. The full length of the building was by then enclosed and roofed, excluding Commencement Hall, but the building was not finished inside. After the Civil War action was taken to complete the second wing of the building, which was to be used as a chapel. This became known as Commencement Hall at the time of its dedication in 1871.</p><br>
<p>The chapel was moved to the large central hall on the second floor after the central portion of the building was completed. Society Hall, comprising the east wing, burned in 1879 and was not rebuilt until 1911–12, when it was renamed the Earl W. Oglebay Hall of Agriculture. It was used as classroom and laboratory space for biology, chemistry, physics, and agricultural science and contained the offices of the president and dean. The top story included a museum, storage rooms, and bins for hybrid seeds and was used later for economics. An additional front entrance was added as a passageway between Oglebay Hall and the one-story connecting section adjoining it to the south. Students used the arcade (the Corridor), which was re-floored in 1937, for promenading and singing. Oral tradition asserts that Freshman Alley, which is located under the Corridor, was used to stable horses. Later it was used for a variety of functions, including a medical clinic, a library, and college storerooms.</p><br>
<p>The stone foundation for Commencement Hall was laid in 1860 and built between 1869 and 1871. Dedicated June 13, 1871, it was used as a gymnasium from 1890 to 1903, when it was converted into the Norman A. Phillips Dormitory for Men. In 1924 the hall was restored and an auditorium was added on the upper level with seating for 700. Thayer and Johnson were hired to be the architects on February 2, 1922, and the windows of Commencement Hall were remodeled in Gothic style.</p><br>
<p>Browne, Eichman & Dalgliesch of Charlottesville, Virginia submitted plans for the restoration of Commencement Hall on July 22, 1980, and it was restored to its original design with the removal of the intervening floor added in 1924, returning the building to its 1871 appearance. Between 1976 and 1984 restoration included work on the roof and exterior, restoration of Commencement Hall, installation of Alumni Walk in front of the building, restoration of classrooms, restoration of the Academic Parlour on the second floor, and of the office of the President. A formal dedication took place on November 9, 1984. Oglebay Hall of Agriculture was restored in 1998–1999 and renamed Kirkpatrick Hall of Life Sciences and dedicated October 21, 1999. Restoration of the Tower took place in 2000–2001, when the entire top of the tower was removed with a large crane and replaced at the conclusion of the restoration.</p><br>
<p>The landmarked area includes the building and the landscaped slope leading up to it. It is located on West Virginia Route 67 in Bethany, West Virginia.</p><br>
<p>Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Martinsburg Shops is a historic industrial district in Martinsburg, West Virginia. It is significant both for its railroading architecture by Albert Fink and John Rudolph Niernsee and for its role in the Great Railroad Strike of 1877. It consists of three contributing buildings. The presence of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company in Martinsburg dates back to the late 1840s, when the first engine and machine shops were erected for the expanding company.</p><br>
<p>The shops were designated a National Historic Landmark and placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Antebellum history</h2><br>
<p>The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) was founded on February 28, 1827. On May 21, 1842, the first steam locomotive arrived in Martinsburg and, later that same year, November 10, the first passenger train. The first roundhouse complex was constructed from 1848-1850.</p><br>
<h2>Civil War history</h2><br>
<p>When Virginia seceded from the Union in 1861, the region&#39;s social and government institutions were thrown in turmoil. The Civil War decimated both the region and Martinsburg, specifically because of the railroad yards. On May 22, 1861, Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson’s troops stopped all trains going East at Martinsburg and Point of Rocks during the Great Train Raid of 1861. Once he determined that all of the trains that could be caught were in his trap, he blew up the bridges to the West and blew down the rocks on the tracks to the East, and pirating of the B&O equipment began. In total, 42 locomotives and 386 cars were stolen and destroyed. 36-½ miles of track, 17 bridges, 102 miles of telegraph wire, the “Colonnade” Bridge and the B&O roundhouse and machine shops were destroyed.</p><br>
<p>On October 19, 1862, the roundhouse complex was burned by Confederate troops under Colonel Jackson.</p><br>
<h2>Postbellum history</h2><br>
<p>In 1866, the B&O began reconstruction of the site. From 1866 to 1872, the present roundhouse complex was re-built. Other major buildings that were built at this time were the West Roundhouse, East Roundhouse, Bridge & Machine Shop, and the Frog & Switch Shop.</p><br>
<p>On July 16, 1877, the first nationwide strike, the Great Railroad Strike of 1877, began when rail workers at Martinsburg started an action to protest pay cuts. Their work and traffic stoppage soon spread across the country.1</p><br>
<h2>Modern history</h2><br>
<p>The Martinsburg facilities were used until March 14, 1988, when all local operations were transferred to other locations. On May 14, 1990, vandals set fire to wooden pallets in the East Roundhouse, nearly destroying the building.</p><br>
<p>The Berkeley County Commission purchased the roundhouse complex in 1999–2000, and transferred the property to the newly created Berkeley County Roundhouse Authority. Restoration and renovation of the complex began at this time.</p><br>
<p>On July 31, 2003, the B&O Roundhouse was designated a National Historic Landmark and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Bombala River, a perennial river of the Snowy River catchment, is located in the Monaro region of New South Wales, Australia.</p><br>
<h2>Course and features</h2><br>
<p>The Bombala River rises within the Kybeyan Range, part of the Great Dividing Range, on the southwestern slopes of Brown Mountain. The river flows generally southwest, joined by eight tributaries including the Undowah River and the Coolumbooka River, before reaching its confluence with the Delegate River approximately 17 km west of Bombala. The river descends 535 m over its 87 km course.</p><br>
<p>In its upper reaches, the Bombala River is crossed by the Snowy Mountains Highway near Brown Mountain; while the Monaro Highway crosses the meandering river at several locations north of Bombala.</p><br>
<p>The name of the river is derived from the Aboriginal word meaning "meeting of the water", presumably referring to the confluence of the Bombala River with the Coolumbooka River, at Bombala; and the confluence with the Undowah River, a few kilometers upstream.</p><br>
<p>Clavering Island  is a large island in eastern Greenland off Gael Hamkes Bay, to the south of Wollaston Foreland.</p><br>
<p>The Eskimonaes (Eskimonæs) radio and weather station was on this island. It was manned by Danish staff and was captured by German troops in 1943. The place where the station stood had also been the location of the last Inuit settlement in Northeast Greenland around 1823.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The island was named by the second German North Polar Expedition 1869–70 as Clavering Insel to commemorate Douglas Charles Clavering (1794–1827), commander of the Griper on the 1823 voyage, which explored the area and, at the southern shore of this island made the first (and last) encounter that Europeans made with the now extinct Northeast-Greenland Inuit.</p><br>
<p>In late August 1823, Clavering and the crew of the Griper encountered a band of twelve Inuit, including men, women and children. In his journal, Clavering described their seal-skin tent, canoe, and clothes, their harpoons and spear tipped with bone and meteoric iron, and their physical appearance ("tawny coppery" skin, "black hair and round visages; their hands and feet very fleshy, and much swelled"). He remarked on their skill in skinning a seal, the custom of sprinkling water over a seal or walrus before skinning, and their amazement at the demonstration of firearms for hunting.</p><br>
<p>European visitors to Northeast Greenland prior to 1823 reported evidence of extensive Inuit settlement in the region although they encountered no humans. Later expeditions, starting with the Second German North Polar Expedition in 1869, found the remains of many former settlements, but the population had apparently died out during the intervening years.</p><br>
<p>Bones of muskoxen have been found at Inuit sites on the island, but no such animals were reported by Clavering in 1823. Large numbers of Arctic hare bones suggest that the Inuit were reduced to hunting smaller game after the extinction of muskoxen in the area. After humans died out, muskoxen returned, and the first pair of live muskoxen ever to be brought to Europe were captured at Clavering Island in 1899.</p><br>
<h3>Eskimonaes</h3><br>
<p>The Eskimonaes radio and telegraph station stood on a small peninsula in the south coast of Clavering Island. The place had been named Eskimonæsset by the 1929-30 Expedition to East Greenland led by Lauge Koch, after the abandoned Inuit settlement of four houses, of which two were excavated at the time. The station was built as a scientific post and was also used later as a base by the Three-year Expedition to East Greenland, as well as by other scientists from 1931 to 1939. From 1941 to 1943, it became the headquarters of the Danish North-East Greenland Sledge Patrol.</p><br>
<p>During the war, the code name used for the Eskimonæs Station by the US Coast Guard was Bluie East Five — the same code name would be later used for Myggbukta after Eskimonæs was destroyed. The main building at Eskimonaes was burnt by a German military patrol on 23 March 1943, and the site was bombed by the US Air Force on 14 May the same year. The burnt out station would be replaced by Dødemandsbugten Station, also known as Ny Station, which was built nearby further to the east later in the same year. Dødemandsbugten would be succeeded in 1944 by Daneborg and the ruins of the two former stations lay now abandoned and remain essentially undisturbed as a conspicuous memorial to war-time events. The efforts of the North-East Greenland Sledge Patrol led by Ib Poulson in World War II were chronicled after the war by English author David Armine Howarth in his 1951 book The Sledge Patrol.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Clavering Island is a coastal island, separated from the mainland by a narrow sound of the Greenland Sea. Its highest point is the 1650 m high Ortlerspids and the island has an area of 1,534.6 km&sup2; and a shoreline of 165.4 km. The Halle Range (Hallebjergene) is an up to 1,200 m mountain chain on the southwest part of Clavering Island. It was named by Lauge Koch during his 1929–30 expedition.</p><br>
<p>Some small islands are located nearby, such as the Finsch Islands to the south and Jackson Island to the southeast at the mouth of the bay.</p><br>
<p>Stapari  is a village located in the Užice municipality of Serbia. In the 2002 census, the village had a population of 974.</p><br>
<p>Remnants of material culture from the early Stone Age (ceramics, tools and weapons) were found in Stapari. The remnants of the material culture prove that even in the Iron Age the place was lively.</p><br>
<p>Stapari the village in the municipality of Uzice in Zlatibor district. According to the census of 2002. There were 974 people (according to the census of 1991. It was in 1181 inhabitants). In the village Stapari live 837 adult population, and the average age of the population is 45.5 years (43.0 for men and 48.2 for women). The village has 330 households, and the average number of members per household is 2.95. This village is populated by a large part of the Serbs (according to the census of 2002. Year. Stapari Village has significant tourist potential. In Stapari Village the two spas and mineral water sources that are good for skin persons. Also, the village Stapari has one of the best places for fishing (if not the best) on the river Djetinja. In the attachment that goes fact and that the fish caught in Staparima of even 93 cm.</p><br>
<p></text></p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>Mount Takamagahara  is a mountain in the Gunma Prefecture of Japan, near Ueno village. Its measurement is 1,978.6 m tall.</p><br>
<p>The crash of Japan Airlines Flight 123 on August 12, 1985 was initially reported on Mount Osutaka, but later confirmed to be on the ridge of Mount Takamagahara at a height of approximately 1,565 m above sea level. Claiming the lives of 520 people, it is the deadliest single-aircraft plane accident in world history.</p><br>
<p>This area was later renamed as Osutaka no One ("Mountain Ridge of Mount Osutaka") by the village mayor of Ueno, Takeo Kurosawa (Ex, Lt Cdr of the Imperial Japanese Navy). There is a shrine on the summit of the ridge to commemorate the lives lost in the crash of JAL123. The mountain road to the shrine was constructed as part of a compensation package from JAL.</p><br>
<p>The Hijaz Mountains, or Hejaz Range, is a mountain range located in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia.</p><br>
<p>The range runs north—south along the eastern coast of the Red Sea.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The western coastal escarpment of the Arabian Peninsula is composed of two mountain ranges, the Hijaz Mountain to the north and the Asir Mountains farther south, with a gap between them near the middle of the peninsula&#39;s coastline. From an elevation of 2,100 m, the range declines towards the vicinity of the gap about 600 m,</p><br>
<p>The mountain wall drops abruptly on the western side toward the Red Sea, leaving the narrow coastal plain of Tihamah. The eastern slopes are not as steep, allowing rare rainfall to help create oases around the springs and wells of the few wadis.</p><br>
<p>The Hijaz Mountains include the "Cradle of Gold (Mahd adh Dhahab)" district, in the region between Mecca and Medina. It is the only known Arabian source for workable quantities of gold.</p><br>
<h2>River — wadi</h2><br>
<p>The Hijaz Mountains have been conjectured as the source of the ancient Pishon River, that was described as one of the four rivers associated with the Garden of Eden. This is a component in the research of Juris Zarins that locates the Garden of Eden at the northern tip of the Persian Gulf near Kuwait.</p><br>
<p>The course of the now dried up river, the modern-day Wadi Al-Rummah and its extension Wadi Al-Batin, was identified by Farouk El-Baz of Boston University and named the Kuwait River. This tracks northeast across the Saudi desert for 600 mi, following Wadi Al-Batin to the coast of the Persian Gulf. The Pishon or Kuwait River, and the Hejaz region ecology, is estimated to have dried up 2,500–3000 years ago.</p><br>
<p>The Adlerstein is a 676-metre-high summit in the Saxon Ore Mountains near Lengefeld. At the top there is a historic triangulation station which was part of the Royal Saxon triangulation network.</p><br>
<h2>Location and area</h2><br>
<p>The Adlerstein lies in the Central Ore Mountains not far from the B 101 federal road that runs from Heinzebank to Pockau where there is a junction with the Lengefeld Road not far away. Immediately at the foot of the mountain is the well-known Lengefeld Lime Works (Kalkwerk Lengefeld). The Adlerstein and the nearby peak of the Lauterbacher Knochen complement one another as good viewing points, albeit partly obscured by trees in places.</p><br>
<h2>Views</h2><br>
<p>The other places that may be seen from the Adlerstein include the Sayda and Brand Heights, Waldkirchen, Marienberg, Dittersdorfer Höhe and Pöhlberg in Germany, and the Jelení hora (Haßberg), Hora Svaté Kateřiny (Katharinaberg) and the Čihadlo (Lauschhübei) in the Czech Republic.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The Tschingelhorn  is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais. The summit of the Klein Tschingelhorn  on the west is the tripoint between the valleys of Kandertal, Lauterbrunnental  and Lötschental . The main summit lies between the Lauterbrunnental and the Lötschental.</p><br>
<p>The first ascent was made by Heinrich Feuz, W. H. Hawker, and Ulrich and Christian Lauener on 6 September 1865.</p><br>
<p>W. A. B. Coolidges dog Tschingel&#39; (d. 1879) – a gift to Coolidge from Swiss guide Christian Almer in 1868 – was named after the mountain; she made eleven first ascents in the Alps and completed 66 grandes courses, and was nominated but not accepted as an honorary member of the Alpine Club on account of her gender.</p><br>
<h2>Huts</h2><br>
<p>Mutthornhütte (2,898 m)</p><br>
<p>Schmadrihütte (2,262 m)</p><br>
<p>The Norris Geyser Basin Museum, also known as Norris Museum, is one of a series of "trailside museums" in Yellowstone National Park designed by architect Herbert Maier in a style that has become known as National Park Service Rustic. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and is one of three parts of a National Historic Landmark, the Norris, Madison, and Fishing Bridge Museums, which were funded by Laura Spelman Rockefeller&#39;s grant of $118,000. Built 1929 - 1930, the Norris Museum is sited on a hill between the Porcelain Basin and the Back Basin of Norris Geyser Basin. Its central breezeway frames a view of the Porcelain Basin for arriving visitors.</p><br>
<p>The 94 ft by 20 ft museum consists of two rectangular sections divided by the breezeway, which is roofed by a prominent jerkinhead gable., framed in massive logs. The pavilions to either side are of shingle-coveredframe construction on a massive stone base. A stone and concrete terrace surrounds the building.</p><br>
<p>A nearby comfort station is included in the National Register nomination. It was probably built in the 1930s. With the construction of modern restroom facilities the one story log structure is now used as a bookstore operated by the Yellowstone Association.</p><br>
<p>The museum exhibits focus on geothermal geology, features of Norris Geyser and plant and animal life in thermal areas.</p><br>
<p>The Madison Museum is one of a series of "trailside museums" in Yellowstone National Park designed by architect Herbert Maier in a style that has become known as National Park Service Rustic. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, and is one of three parts of a 1987-declared National Historic Landmark, the Norris, Madison, and Fishing Bridge Museums. Built in 1929, the Madison Museum is the smallest of the three. It is sited on a small rise that overlooks the meadows and canyon of the Madison River, and still fulfills its function as an informal interpretive center.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The T-shaped structure housed a ranger-naturalist in one wing and a small exhibit area in the other. The building rests on a rhyolite rubble base and is of frame construction, covered with shingles. The transition between stone and frame is marked by a log that serves as a transitional element. The roof is supported by heavy log columns and is itself framed in logs. The building was renovated in 1971 and converted to a single-room layout.</p><br>
<p>The museum was designed by National Park Service architect Herbert Maier and was funded by a portion of a $118,000 grant from Laura Spelman Rockefeller for educational projects in Yellowstone.</p><br>
<h2>The "Campfire Myth"</h2><br>
<p>The Madison site was claimed by Bumpus to be the site where "the Washburn Party, in 1870... resolved that this part of the public domain should be preserved inviolate." The building, neighboring National Park Mountain and the Madison site thus became something of a shrine to the creation of the national park idea. A south-facing window was fitted with a transparency depicting the imagined event, created by local photographer Jack Haynes. Annual re-enactments commemorated the Washburn creation event. By 1960 research by park historian Aubrey Haines made it clear that this "creation myth" was not accurate. The Park Service resisted the new research, putting up signs directing visitors to the Madison "Historic Shrine" and continuing to interpret the area as fundamental to the national park concept. Haines was transferred to another park and retired early. A twenty-year internal debate ended with Haines&#39; vindication and the Madison museum became a visitor information station, stripped of its shrine status.</p><br>
<p>The Colorados Archipelago  is a chain of isles and cays on Cuba&#39;s north-western coast.</p><br>
<p>The sea surrounding the islands is used mainly for fishing, with commercial captures of lobster, sponge, oysters, red snapper and tuna. Tourism is also developed on cays such as Cayo Levisa, where white sand beaches, as well as snorkeling and diving sites attract tourists.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Colorados Archipelago is developed on a reef barrier located off the northern coast of the Pinar del Río Province, facing the Gulf of Mexico, between the Honda Bay (north of the homonymous Bahia Honda community) and Cape San Antonio on the Guanahacabibes Peninsula.</p><br>
<p>The archipelago is approximately 100 km long and is composed of small cays such as Cayo Levisa, Cayo Arenas, Cayo Jutias, Punta Tabaco, Cabezo Seco, Cayo Paraiso, Cayo Buenavista, Banco Sancho Pardo, Cayo Rapado Grande, and Cayo Alacranes. The sea surrounding the islands is open to the north, while to the south it is bordered by bays and estuaries such as San Felipe, Honda, Limones, Nombre de Dios, Santa Lucía, Playuelas, Verracos, Tortuga, Catalanes and La Mulata. A navigable corridor exists between the reef barrier and the coast.</p><br>
<h2>Table of Islands</h2><br>
<p>The Islands area and population data retrieved following 2012 census.</p><br>
<p>The Milaca Municipal Hall or Milaca City Hall, located at 145 Central Ave, South in Milaca, Minnesota, United States, was built in the Streamline Moderne architectural style using stone, brick, and concrete. The building is a typical example of construction performed by the Works Progress Administration during the Great Depression. One hundred fifty five workers and six superintendents labored to construct the flagstone-faced municipal hall. The building provided space for the fire department and village council in the back of the building, for a library in the south end, and a community kitchen to the left of the entry adjacent to a 200-seat auditorium. The American Legion had space in the basement. The facility was also available for use by church and service organizations. The building currently serves as the local museum and history center. Artwork was funded by the Federal Arts Project and executed by André Boratko.</p><br>
<p>Cripple Creek Historic District is a historic district including Cripple Creek, Colorado, United States and is significant for its gold mining era history.</p><br>
<p>It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961.</p><br>
<p>Many Cripple Creek buildings post-date the gold mining era. The district includes a number of surviving structures, possibly including the following seven:</p><br>
<p>The Midland Terminal Depot</p><br>
<p>Teller County Courthouse</p><br>
<p>The Imperial Hotel</p><br>
<p>The Old Homestead</p><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s Catholic Church</p><br>
<p>Mansard Roof House, on Warren Avenue</p><br>
<p>The El Paso County Hospital, a brick Greek Revival style two story building.</p><br>
<p>A photograph of each of the seven above is included in the NRHP Inventory documentation.</p><br>
<p>The boundary of the district is defined by high points around Cripple Creek to include the "natural setting reminiscent of the historic environment. Additionally, it encloses part of the extent of Poverty Gulch where some of the original ore discoveries were made as well as the County Hospital building which is located outside the town limits." (p. 10) It runs from the peak of Mineral Hill (elevation 10,255 feet) southwest to a peak (elevation 9,855 feet), then to northeast corner of Mount Pisgah cemetery, then south along the east border of the cemetery to its southeast corner, then southeast to the peak that is 1600 feet to the northwest of Signal Hill (at elevation 9731), then northeast to the summit of Globe Hill (elevation 10,436), then northwest to peak of Carbonate Hill (elevation 10,335), finally east back to the peak of Mineral Hill.</p><br>
<p>State Highway 67 is the principal road through the area.</p><br>
<p>The Beth Eden Chapel is a historic church near the junction of Naskeag Point Road and Stubbs Drive in Brooklin, Maine. Built in 1900, this Late Victorian wood frame church was the first to be built in the Naskeag Point area. Although it was built by a Methodist congregation, it was open to the use of all denominations. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Beth Eden Chapel is a modest single-story wood frame structure, with a gable roof, clapboard and shingle siding, and a granite foundation. A square tower housing the entrance and a belfry projects from the right front of the building. The front-facing gable end and the second stage of the tower share design features, notably a decorative diamond and a flaring of the siding. The third stage of the tower houses the belfry, and is decorated with wave-cut shingles. The tower is capped with a pyramidal roof and finial. The building&#39;s corners are decorated with pilasters, and its side elevations are uniformly three bays with windows. The sanctuary inside has a coved plaster ceiling.</p><br>
<p>The church was apparently built in 1900 on land acquired by the trustees of the local Methodist congregation in 1884. Deeds note that a building already stood on the land; it is not clear if any part of this building is a surviving element of the earlier structure. The church was consecrated in December 1900 for use by any Christian denomination. The church is one of three historic churches in Brooklin, and is the only one with distinctive late Victorian architecture.</p><br>
<p>The E. B. White House is a historic house on Maine State Route 175 in northern Brooklin, Maine, United States. This well-preserved 18th-century farmhouse was home for many years to author E. B. White , and is where he wrote a number of his important works. The farm was the inspiration for one of his best-known works, Charlotte&#39;s Web. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The White House is set on the east side of SR 175, overlooking Allens Cove at the southern end of Blue Hill Bay on Brooklins east side. The main house is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with end chimneys, clapboard siding, and a granite foundation. Its main entrance is centered on the west-facing front, and has a Greek Revival surround, with flanking pilasters and an entablature above. An ell extends to the rear of the house (toward the water), which is connected it to a barn via a narrow hyphen.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in about 1795 for William Holden by Captain Richard Allen, a local housewright, and is one of the oldest buildings in north Brooklin. This house was purchased in 1933 by E. B. White for use as a summer residence. In 1937 White made alterations to the house so that it could be occupied year-round; the houses chimneys date from this period. White was a noted writer and essayist, writing for The New Yorker and Harpers Magazine, and producing two well-known childrens books, Stuart Little and Charlottes Web, as well as an updated edition of The Elements of Style, a writer&#39;s guide. White was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and a Pulitzer Prize for his work.</p><br>
<p>White was a private person, and did not advertise the location of his home while he was alive. In 1977, he convinced an interviewer to report that "he lives in a New England coastal town, somewhere between Nova Scotia and Cuba". The farm on this property was the inspiration for Charlotte&#39;s Web.</p><br>
<p>The Dirillo, or Acate, is a 54 km river in Sicily which springs from the Hyblaean Mountains and flows through the areas of Vizzini, Licodia Eubea, Mazzarrone, Chiaramonte Gulfi, Acate, Vittoria, Gela. It enters the Strait of Sicily south-east of the town of Gela. As the largest river in the area it is sometimes known as the Fiume Grande.</p><br>
<p>The river was known in antiquity as the Achates. Theophrastus in his treatise On Stones (ca. 315 B.C.) indicates that the name of the gemstone achates (agate) was based on the source of such stones from this river. Pliny the Elder makes the same connection in his Naturalis Historia</p><br>
<p>Agate and chalcedony can still be found here. During the period of Arab rule it became known as Wadi‑Ikrilu: ‘The River of Acrille’, an ancient Greek-Roman colony that stood in the surroundings.</p><br>
<p>In the 1950s the Azienda Nazionale Idrogenazione Combustibili dammed the river near Licodia Eubea to create Lago Dirillo, a reservoir for the Polo petrolchimico di Gela petrochemical plants. With good fishing and camping facilities, as well its natural scenic beauty, this area has become a tourist attraction.</p><br>
<h2>Footnotes</h2><br>
<p>Saimaluu Tash (meaning embroidered or patterned stones in Kyrgyz They are a sacred display of offerings of the ancient people of the lower valley.</p><br>
<p>The site was proposed for listing under the UNESCO List of World Heritage Sites by the Kyrgyz National Commission for UNESCO on 29 January 2001. It is listed under the UNESCO&#39;s Tentative List as "Saimaly-Tash Petroglyphs" for inscription under Cultural Category under Criteria: (iii), (iv) and (vi).</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The petroglyph site is located on the Ferghana Range at about 3,200 m in two high valleys, separated by a low mountain ridge. The site is 30 km away to the south of Kazarman. From Kazarman village for a short distance there is a road on which only jeeps can ply but the rest of the way to the site can be reached in about a day on foot or horseback, but only around the month of August. It is a strenuous climb. At other times, snow conditions make it impractical to reach. The trek involves three days by jeep and seven days by horse.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>The meaning of Saimaluu-Tash in Kyrgyz language is "place of patterned or embroidered stone".</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The petroglyphs created in large galleries are thought to date from the early 2000 BC to 3000 BC of the Neolithic and Bronze Ages, and up into the Middle Ages (8th century AD). Bronze Age settlers had a sacred tradition of inscribing petroglyph. This continued during the Iron Age from 800 BC, and variants persevered for several hundred years to the medieval period, when Scythian and Turkic people did it.</p><br>
<p>It is also said that from 8th century BC to first century AD, Saka-Usun period prior to the Kyrgyz, people settled here. The Saka priests used this site for sacrificial rites to the sun god and their settlements are said to be submerged in the Cholpon-Ata bay. The site was sacred to the people of Tien Shan and Pre Ferghana, and is even now sacred to the modern generation of Kyrgizians for spiritual and healing qualities. It is part of the spiritual ethos of the peoples&#39; "religious beliefs and their worship of mountains, nature, totems and solar cosmic images." The site was first recognized by Russian cartographers in 1902 when they were carrying out surveys in the area for a road project to link a military camp between Jalal-Abad and Naryn; this road is now in use via Kazaeman. One of the cartographers, Nikolai Khludov, who had heard tales from a shepherd of "painted stones" in close vicinity to their camp, decided to examine the site with a team of surveyors. He reported his findings of the petroglyphs to the Archaeological Society of Tashkent. This society then mounted an expedition to further examine the site. However, the site was forgotten until 1950. After an excavation was conducted, the petroglyphs were specifically identified, numbered and their age determined. It is now under sporadic investigation by the Institute of Archaeology in Bishkek. Neolithic age petroglyphs are on display in the Kyrgyz State Historical Museum.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>Archaeologists have bifurcated the site, calling the parts "Saimaluu-Tash 1" and "Saimaluu-Tash 2."</p><br>
<p>Saimaluu-Tash 1, which extends over a length of 3 km, contains petroglyphs etched on shining basaltic stones. It is believed that they were "votive offerings" brought from the lower valleys. There is a small lake here where shamans used to perform sacred rites. Petroglyphs of several designs at this site have been identified on stones. The most common designs are animals like ibex (the long-horned ibex of the Turkish era was more frequent), horses, lions, and wolves. Another common drawing is of hunting scenes of deer, large antlers in particular; in this scene the hunters are shown using bows, arrows, and spears to hunt the animals. Agricultural operations such as tilling the land were a common theme. Other scenes are of ritual dances, the sun, wavy designs representing the flow of rivers, and sexual scenes. The artists perhaps portrayed their feelings of gratitude to the spirits of the mountain after a good crop or a successful hunting expedition.</p><br>
<p>Osterfjorden is a fjord in Hordaland county, Norway. The fjord is one of three fjords surrounding the island of Osterøy. The fjord runs along the municipal border of Lindås and Osterøy municipalities. The fjord begins at the Romarheimsfjorden and flows to the west for 27 km before ending near the village of Knarvik at the confluence of four fjords: Osterfjorden, Radfjorden , Sørfjorden , and Salhusfjorden . The Osterfjorden is generally about 1 to 3 km wide and the deepest point in the fjord reaches a depth of 639 m below sea level.</p><br>
<p>The following villages lie along the Osterfjorden: Knarvik, Hamre, Leknes, Eikanger, Hosanger, Fotlandsvåg, Ostereidet, and Tysso. Historically, the old municipality of Hosanger encompassed the land on both sides of the fjord, with the fjord running through the middle of the municipality.</p><br>
<p>The Duluth and Iron Range Railroad Company Depot, located on Sixth Street in Two Harbors, in the USA state of Minnesota was built in 1907. The large two-story depot was the third depot on the site. The Minnesota Iron Company developed the Duluth and Iron Range Railway in 1883, laid out the town of Two Harbors in 1885, and built depots to conducts its business. When the rail line was completed to Duluth, it was used as a transfer point for passengers, lumber, and mining supplies. When passenger service ended in 1961, the depot was donated to Lake County.</p><br>
<h2>Lake County Historical Society Depot Museum</h2><br>
<p>The Lake County Historical Society now uses the building as the Lake County Historical Society Depot Museum. Exhibits focus on the pioneer history of Lake County. Displays include early Native Americans, local mining and logging industries, the railroad, military service, children&#39;s toys and dolls, butterflies, and local personal collections.</p><br>
<p>Eilean an Tighe, meaning "House Island" , is one of the Shiant Isles. It is joined to Garbh Eilean by an isthmus and both form part of a single island.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Prior to the 1820s the island was called Eilean na Cille ("church island") and there is evidence of a church, possibly dedicated to the Virgin Mary, near the site of the present cottage. Eilean Mhuire, one of the other islands in the Shiants also takes its name from Mary.</p><br>
<p>Forty people were living here in the mid 19th century but by 1770 they had all left. In the 1820s a shepherd and his wife were resident, but they too had gone by 1842. In 1862 another shepherd, Donald Campbell, and his wife and two daughters were there, the family only leaving in 1901. The daughters, Mòr and Catriona, were apparently very beautiful and attracted the attention of visiting fishermen and yachtsmen alike.</p><br>
<p>In 1937 the islands were acquired by Nigel Nicolson, then an undergraduate at Oxford, who like former owner Compton MacKenzie, was later a writer, publisher and politician. Nicolson&#39;s son, the writer Adam Nicolson, published the definitive book on the islands, Sea Room. The Shiants now belong to Adam&#39;s son Tom. Sheep belonging to a Lewis crofter graze all three islands. The simple bothy restored by Nigel Nicolson on Eilean an Taighe is currently the only habitable structure on the islands.</p><br>
<h2>Footnotes</h2><br>
<h2>Bibliography</h2><br>
<p>The John Dwan Office Building, located at 201 Waterfront Drive in Two Harbors, in the USA state of Minnesota was the location where Dwan, a Two Harbors attorney drew up the incorporation papers for the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company  in 1902. The new company’s vision was to mine and process corundum that the founders believed was plentiful on Lake Superior&#39;s north shore. The company nearly went bankrupt, because the mineral they were mining was useless as an abrasive and the high humidity at Lake Superior wreaked havoc with their adhesive process. Nevertheless the company survived by receiving financial support from Lucius Pond Ordway, moving to Saint Paul, and changing its focus to manufacturing of abrasives with imported materials.</p><br>
<h2>3M Museum</h2><br>
<p>The attorney&#39;s office building remains as the 3M Museum, run by the Lake County Historical Society. Exhibits include the recreated law office, company artifacts and documents, a lab display typical of 3M research and development work, and a hands-on program of technology applications.</p><br>
<p>Nørvøya  is an island in Ålesund Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is the largest of the islands containing the city center of Ålesund, the others being Aspøya and Heissa, located to the west. The 5 km&sup2; island of Nørvøya is located south of Ellingsøya, north of Sula, and west of Oksenøya.</p><br>
<p>Ålesund University College, the city hall, Volsdalen Church, and the stadium of the local association football team Aalesunds FK are located on Nørvøya. The 135 m hill Aksla, a popular place from where to photograph the city, is located on the western part of Nørvøya. The European route E136 highway runs along the south side of the island, connecting it to the other islands of Oksenøya (on the east) and Aspøya (on the west). On Nørvøya, the E136 highway connects to the Ellingsøy Tunnel, which is an undersea tunnel that connects to the village of Hoffland on Ellingsøya to the north.</p><br>
<p>Ellingsøy or Ellingsøya is the northernmost island in Ålesund Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. With an area of 22 km&sup2, Ellingsøy is the second largest island in the municipality after Uksenøya. The island is located northeast of the town of Ålesund, north of the islands of Nørvøya and Uksenøya, east of the island of Valderøya, and south of the mainland peninsula of Haram. The villages of Hoffland, Årset, and Myklebust are all located on the south side of the island. Ellingsøy Church is the main church for the island.</p><br>
<p>Ellingsøy used to be accessible from Ålesund only by boat or by road via Skodje Municipality, but the undersea Ellingsøy Tunnel was built in 1987 connecting Ellingsøy to Ålesund (to the south) and the Valderøy Tunnel was also built connecting Ellingsøy to Valderøy in Giske Municipality to the west. The tunnels are accessed in the village of Hoffland on the southwestern part of the island. The 3,481 m long tunnel is currently being upgraded.</p><br>
<p>Ellingsøy has an association football team, Ellingsøy IL, which currently plays in the 5th division in Norway. Their coach is Dag Rune Skotte.</p><br>
<p>The Brandenburg colony of St. Thomas consisted of a leased part of the Danish island of St. Thomas </p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 17th century, the Holy Roman Empire Margraviate of Brandenburg had several African colonies, including Brandenburger Gold Coast (Groß Friedrichsburg) and Arguin, which were involved in the slave trade. In order to support this business, Brandenburg needed a base in the Caribbean. For this reason, the Brandenburg Navy-General Director Benjamin Raule signed a rental agreement with the Danish West India Company on November 24, 1685. The agreement included a portion of the Danish Antilles island of St. Thomas, which had belonged to Denmark since 1666. The ownership of the island would belong to the Danish King, but Brandenburg was granted the right to use the land. In 1693 the Brandenburg section of Saint Thomas was seized by the Danes without any resistance or repayment. With the end of the Brandenburg African colonies (they were sold to the Dutch, Groß Friedrichsburg in 1718 and Arguin in 1721) there was no need to maintain a presence in Saint Thomas and the town completely passed from Brandenburg control.</p><br>
<h3>Slave Trade</h3><br>
<p>The agreement between Brandenburg and the Danish West India Company included a number of sections on trade, primarily on slaves. They agreed that for 30 years a limited free trade (mostly on slaves) would apply. After the 30-year period, the price of a slave could not exceed 60 Taler. For each imported slave, the Danes would receive 1% and for each exported slave 2% of the purchase price. If Brandenburg had an excess number of slaves, the Danes agreed to buy 100 slaves per year at a fixed price of 80 Taler. Finally, Brandenburg and the Danes agreed to work together on slaving expeditions to the Slave Coast. During the Brandenburg presence in Saint Thomas, some of the largest slave auctions in the world were held on the island</p><br>
<p>Plumb Beach  is a beach and surrounding neighborhood along the north shore of Rockaway Inlet, in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. It is located near the neighborhoods of Sheepshead Bay and Gerritsen Beach, just off the Belt Parkway. Originally an island, Hog Creek was filled in during the late 1930s. Since 1972 it has been a part of Gateway National Recreation Area, though the parking lot and greenway that provide primary access to the shore are the responsibility of the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation and the New York City Department of Transportation. The neighborhood is part of Brooklyn Community District 15, although a section of the beach is not part of a Community District.</p><br>
<p>In May and June, horseshoe crabs climb onto the beach to mate. That beach is often subjected to heavy beach erosion, as incoming storms often blow large amounts of water up the Rockaway Inlet past the beach into Jamaica Bay. In the summer, the beach attracts kiteboarding enthusiasts, as the southerly sea breeze makes the area ideal for this use.</p><br>
<h2>Early settlements</h2><br>
<p>Sailors stopped by the island as early as the 1800s, perhaps snacking on the beach plums that gave the island its name. By 1900, there was sufficient demand for Reid&#39;s Ferry, which made stops at Sheepshead Bay, Plumb Beach, Barren Island, and Breezy Point, among others.</p><br>
<p>George Ayen opened a hotel in 1907, but by World War I, most of the inhabitants of Plumb Island were squatters. This would continue until the 1938 Long Island Express destroyed most of the shanties, with the remaining squatters forced to leave when construction began on the Belt Parkway. Hog Creek was filled in for this purpose, connecting Plumb Island to the mainland.</p><br>
<h2>USA Army</h2><br>
<p>In the 1890s, the federal government intended to build a mortar battery on the eastern end of the island, purchasing one third of Plumb Islands 150 acres. But "Reservation Beach" was unsuitable to the task due to the quicksand-like soil, so squatters moved in, selling liquor and cigars free of any excise tax. To recoup the governments investment, in May 1907 Secretary of War William Howard Taft entered into an agreement with former Judge Winfield S. Overton to lease the property for five years. Overton, soon known as "the czar of Plumb Island", set up his own private police force to protect his domain. To deal with the squatters who refused to pay him rent, he convinced two Army companies from Fort Hamilton to perform the evictions, as it was federal land.</p><br>
<p>Overton reasoned that state laws didn’t apply. He announced a "carnival" complete with boxing matches, an illegal activity in New York State. On August 15, 1908, around 200 members of the recently formed "United States Military Athletic and Sporting Club" took in the three-card afternoon as the Sheepshead Bay precinct of the NYPD looked on helplessly. When Overton repeated the feat one week later, the crowd more than doubled in size.</p><br>
<p>In January 1909, the Department of War responded by revoking Overton’s lease, and kicked him off the island; in his place was installed a new "mayor", Frank Dotzler, who would also treat the land as his own private fiefdom. When word came in May that Overton was returning, the 12th Infantry was sent to keep him out – the second "invasion" of Plumb Island in as many years.</p><br>
<h2>Later years</h2><br>
<p>New York City acquired the federal property for park purposes in 1924, but leased it to a contracting company, which parceled and rented the land. The National Park Service acquired Plumb Beach in 1972, and added it to the Gateway National Recreation Area.</p><br>
<p>__FORCETOC__</p><br>
<p>The Alwyn Court is a 12-story apartment building located at 180 West 58th Street on the corner of Seventh Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, one block south of Central Park. It was built between 1907 and 1909, and was designed by Harde & Short in French Renaissance style, with elaborate terra-cotta ornamentation in the Francis I style covering the entire facade. The interior courtyard has a painted architectural facade by artist Richard Haas.</p><br>
<p>The building was constructed with 14-room, 5-bathroom apartments which were subdivided during the Depression.</p><br>
<p>The Alwyn Court was designated a New York landmark in 1966, and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>In 2012, the Alwyn Court was prominently featured as the background to a GEICO commercial, in which a semi-naked bodybuilder was shown directing traffic on Seventh Avenue in front of the building.</p><br>
<p>The Leadville Historic District is in the mining town of Leadville, Colorado. The National Historic Landmark District includes 67 mines in the mining district east of the city up to the 12,000 foot  level, and a defined portion of the village area. It was designated in 1961. The National Register of Historic Places lists a number of structures along the Harrison Avenue corridor.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>Principal historic buildings in the district are: Tabor Grand Hotel, St. George&#39;s Church, Temple Israel, Annunciation Church, Tabor Opera House, City Hall, Healy House, Dexter Cabin, Engelbach House, and Tabor House, as well as mining structures and small homes. Structures built after 1917 are considered non-contributing.</p><br>
<h2>Boot Hill Cemetery</h2><br>
<p>Leadville was the site of a Boot Hill Cemetery, which is perhaps the "most documented" of those in the Old West.</p><br>
<p>According to an eyewitness:</p><br>
<p>The Boot Hill Cemetery in Leadville is marked by a sign.</p><br>
<h2>Historic structures in Leadville</h2><br>
<p>The National Register of Historic Places is the official list of the Nations historic places worthy of preservation. Authorized by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, the National Park Services National Register of Historic Places is part of a national program to coordinate and support public and private efforts to identify, evaluate, and protect America&#39;s historic and archeological resources.</p><br>
<p>Healy House Museum was the Leadville, Colorado home built in 1878 by mining engineer and city father August R. Meyer for his bride, Emma. It was purchased in 1888 by Daniel Healy , who operated a boarding house with his cousin Nellie Healy. An immigrant from Ireland, Healy was served Leadville as as a mail carrier and later assistant postmaster. He subsequently started several successful businesses and represented Leadville in Colorado&#39;s state legislature from 1903-1905.</p><br>
<p>Healy House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<p>Currently it is a Colorado State Historic Site and is operated as a Victorian era museum by the state under History Colorado, together with Dexter Cabin. The two are located within the Leadville Historic District, which is itself a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The restored house serves as an example of the "Elegant Eighties".</p><br>
<p>The historic Donnelly House, an example of Neo-classical architecture, was built in 1905 as the residence of James W. Donnelly. Mr. Donnelly was an industrialist, manufacturer, real-estate developer, philanthropist, and civic leader. After retiring from Procter & Gamble in Cincinnati, he moved south to Birmingham where this magnificent Georgian-colonial mansion had been constructed, featuring over 12,000 ft&sup2; of living space and spectacular white marble floors.</p><br>
<p>While the Donnelly House has served primarily as a private residence, it was also the home of the Birmingham Civic Ballet during the 1950s. Ultimately, the home was opened as a venue for weddings, business meetings and other activities.</p><br>
<p>The house was purchased by Carl Schoettlin in 2011. The house was fully renovated by Schoettlin Building Company. Currently the house is an entertainment venue specializing in weddings, receptions, parties, etc. The house is managed by Carl Schoettlin.</p><br>
<p>The home was listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on May 20, 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Parker Cleaveland House is a historic house at 75 Federal Street in Brunswick, Maine. It was the home, from 1806 to 1858, of Parker Cleaveland , a mineralogist and a professor at nearby Bowdoin College. While he was a professor at Bowdoin College, Cleaveland conducted some of the earliest studies of mineralogy in the United States. His 1816 work Elementary Treatise on Mineralogy and Geology, which included a volume on types and localities of American minerals, became the standard textbook on the subject in American higher education and the model for future mineralogy scholarship and publications.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and declared a National Historic Landmark in 2000 for its association with Cleaveland. It is now owned by Bowdoin College, and serves as the president&#39;s house.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Cleaveland House is a two story wood frame structure with a hip roof and a granite foundation. It is a typical connected homestead, with a rear ell connected to a carriage house via an open garage. Its main facade, facing west, is five bays wide, with a center entrance flanked by pilasters and topped by a semi-elliptical fanlight louver and entablature with cornice. A secondary entrance on the south-facing facade has a small hood. The interior has fairly typical middle-class woodwork of the period, with the finest elements found in the central hall and the northwest parlor. The connecting ell is a 1950s-60s replacement for an older ell.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1805-06 by a local master builder, Samuel Melcher, for Parker Cleaveland, who had arrived in 1805 to begin his long career at Bowdoin College. The size and scope of the house eventually forced Cleaveland to sell the house to the college, which first leased it back to him, and then allowed him to live in it rent-free until his death in 1858. It was then purchased from the college by Cleaveland&#39;s son-in-law, Peleg Chandler, and it remained in the Chandler family until 1951. The house was reacquired by the college, and now serves as the official residence of its president.</p><br>
<p>Parker Cleaveland was born in Massachusetts, educated at Dummer Academy and Harvard College, and taught briefly at Harvard before he was hired by Bowdoin as a professor of math and natural philosophy. Cleaveland expanded the curriculum to include chemistry and mineralogy, and it is in this area that he made his greatest impact. Although he was not educated in the study of minerals, this became his major area of research, and in 1818 published his groundbreaking Elementary Treatise on Mineralogy and Geology, the first American volume on mineralogy, and the first published anywhere to include descriptions of North American specimens. His expanded second edition became an internationally recognized authority on the subject, and set the standard for later works on the subject.</p><br>
<p>His home, where he died in 1858, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated a National Historic Landmark in 2000. The house is also a contributing resource to the Federal Street Historic District, an area of well-preserved 19th-century houses in Brunswick. Massachusetts Hall at Bowdoin College is also listed on the National Register in part because of its associations with Cleaveland.</p><br>
<p>The Minina Skerries  are located in the Kara Sea, in the northwestern shores of Siberia. They stretch between the Mikhailov Peninsula and the mouths of the river Pyasina. Their latitude is between 74° and 75° N, and their longitude between 84° and 87° 30&#39; E.</p><br>
<p>These skerries are a complex system of islands, channels and small peninsulas on the bleak tundra coast of the Taymyr Peninsula. Winters are long and bitter, so the coast and the islands are merged as an icy whole for the greatest part of the year. The summer thaw typically lasts only about two months in an average season.</p><br>
<p>The Minina Skerries include the Kolosovykh Islands, the Kolosovykh Peninsula, and the Plavnikovyye Islands, as well as other minor coastal islands and deep inlets. They all belong to the Krasnoyarsk Krai administrative division of the Russian Federation.</p><br>
<p>There is a great variety of Arctic fauna in the Minina Skerries and the whole area is part of the Great Arctic State Nature Reserve, the largest nature reserve of Russia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This cold region was first explored by Fridtjof Nansen and then, more in depth, by Baron Eduard von Toll during his last venture, the Russian Arctic Expedition of 1900-1903 on ship Zarya. Eduard Toll and Zaryas captain Nikolai Nikolaevich Kolomeitsev were quite frustrated with the navigation through the tortuous waters of these skerries. In his writings Toll described this whole area as a labyrinth.</p><br>
<p>The Zarya took a week to negotiate these complicated waters and it ran aground three times. Despite some inaccuracies in the measurements of positions and identification of islands, Toll and the scientists of his expedition went ashore at many islands and headlands, naming them and contributing useful scientific data on this relatively unknown area of the Arctic.</p><br>
<p>The name of the entire Minina Skerries was first given by Toll and his expedition members. They were named after Russian polar explorer Fedor Alekseyevich Minin.</p><br>
<p>Washdyke Lagoon is a brackish shallow coastal lagoon approximately 1 kilometre north of Timaru, South Canterbury, New Zealand. The lagoon has drastically reduced in size since 1881 when it was approximately 253 hectares, now it is less than 48 hectares in area . It is enclosed by a barrier beach that is 3 kilometres long and 3 metres above high tide at its largest point . The reduced lagoon size is due to the construction of the Timaru Port breakwater which is preventing coarse sediments from reaching and replenishing Washdyke Barrier. This is important as the lagoon and the surrounding 250 hectares are classified as a wildlife refuge and it demonstrates the role human structures have on coastline evolution.</p><br>
<h2>Classification</h2><br>
<p>Washdyke Lagoon is a coastal lake, ‘choked’ type lagoon as it is separated from the sea by a built-up bar, and has only minimal tidal input (&lt;5% of total tidal impact to coast within the lagoon). Lagoons of this type usually form along high energy, microtidal coastlines, have high ratio of fresh to salt water and rarely open to the ocean. This type of lagoon differs from more ‘open’ lagoons which are open to the ocean through one or more channels, have a lower percentage of fresh water and form directly at the end of large river mouths. Lagoons form when longshore transport builds up sediment across the mouth of a water source cutting it off or diverting it from directly reaching the ocean. In order for a lagoon to form the barrier needs both a coarse and fine sediment source, the fines usually from longshore transport offshore and the coarse usually from transport of sediment from river mouths.</p><br>
<p>There are many examples of these relatively closed lagoon systems around the world. Most have significant ecological value, so preserving the balance between fresh and salt water is important. Examples include the Coorong, Australia, 260 km, Laguna de Araruama (Brazil, 10,360 km), Lake St. Lucia (South Africa, 312 km) and Lake Songkhla (Thailand, 1,040 km). If the sediment sources for these barriers was to be removed their barriers would be eroded away and bays would form in the lagoons place with inundation.</p><br>
<h2>Formation and Setting</h2><br>
<p>Washdyke Lagoon was created by the formation of a mixed sand and gravel (MSG) beach barrier (Figure 2) allowing fluvial water from Washdyke Creek to accumulate behind it, with some tidal infiltration through the barrier. The MSG barrier type is relatively rare and has its own unique set of processes and morphology. MSG barriers form mostly on paraglacial coasts where there is a large amount of coarse grained sediments available and storm wave conditions during which more sediment load is transported ashore. They also form steep slopes in high wave energy environments and have very high levels of seepage of freshwater into the ocean, due to the large grain size range increasing permeability. Another characteristic is the zonation of sediments on the barrier. Coarse, flat sediments form the crest, whilst large, spherical and rod shape sediments form the outer part and the barrier infill is made up of finer sediment sizes. Washdyke Lagoon is a useful example of a barrier that displays all of these characteristics.</p><br>
<p>The lagoon is situated at the southern end of the Canterbury Bight. This coastline is characterised by its mixed sand and gravel beaches and southerly longshore currents. These currents transport coarse greywacke sediments that have reached the coast down braided rivers that originated at the Southern Alps and fine sediments from further offshore. Southerly currents push them north and they are then deposited on Washdyke Barrier causing it to stay above the high tide mark and form the lagoon.</p><br>
<p>The southerly current travelling up from South of the South Island of New Zealand forms many lagoons along the east and south coast. These form a chain of lagoons including Lake Ellesmere (Canterbury) and Waituna Lagoon (Southland). Like Washdyke, these closed lagoons are also facing the possibility of becoming much more open systems in the near future.</p><br>
<p>Currently Kaitorete Barrier (enclosing Lake Ellesmere) is undergoing erosion, especially at its southern end, due to coastal rotation of currents. It is also possible that it will permanently breach forming an open bay in the coming decades.</p><br>
<p>Waituna Lagoon is also under threat from breaching but in this case it is machinery not erosion that is opening the coastal lake to the ocean. This is so that it can be used for hunting and allow grazing at its banks.</p><br>
<h2>Management Issues</h2><br>
<p>Currently the lagoon is shrinking at an alarming rate. The barrier has retreated 400 metres between 1865 and 1987 (3.2 metres per year). In 1992 it was predicted that by the year 2000 the lagoon would have totally disappeared. Whilst this has not yet happened it is still a possibility in the near future. This would cause flooding of the Washdyke industrial area and the loss of habitat for the wildlife within the refuge.</p><br>
<p>The drastic reduction in area of the lagoon can be at least partially attributed to the construction of the Timaru Port, which started in 1878. This is a large loss to the north of the port that can not be replaced by current longshore transport mechanisms.</p><br>
<p>The ports breakwater starves the barrier of coarse sediments from the rivers to the south. As shown in Figure 4, prior to breakwater construction fine and coarse sediments were transported from the south and deposited on Washdyke Barrier. However, after the breakwater was built the coarse sediment is unable to reach the barrier as it accumulates at the ports southern side. Some sediment is supplied further offshore by bypassing the breakwater but this is a much reduced load.</p><br>
<p>Without sediment supply erosion of the barrier is rapid as normal processes such as washover continue. This happens when waves hit the barrier and push sediment from the ocean side to the lagoon side, there is no incoming sediment on the ocean side to rebuild the barrier. The ratio of fine to coarse sediments making up the barrier is also increased. The coarse sediments armour the barrier structure against ocean swell and wind waves, without this sediment the fines are much more vulnerable to being removed leaving the barrier structure more vulnerable. Maximum wave height for this section of coast during one October was found to be 6.3 metres, and other studies have recorded frequent breakers around 5 metres high. This means that the barrier would frequently have to deal with overtopping events.</p><br>
<p>Another factor that is preventing the supply of coarse sediment to the lagoon barrier is the damming of the Waitaki River. The dam was constructed by 1934 as part of a hydroelectric scheme and is the only braided river in New Zealand that is dammed. It is estimated that the dam stops 50% of the bed load transport.</p><br>
<p>The amount of sediment that is supplied to the barrier is the most important aspect in determining barrier alignment and breakdown. This was shown studying the coastal barriers on the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia. This is particularly important as these barriers are one of the few other MSG beaches internationally.</p><br>
<p>Another, more local site very relevant to the issues at Washdyke Lagoon is Waimataitai Lagoon. This lagoon was situated just north of the Port of Timaru (South of Washdyke Lagoon and Dashing Rocks) prior to 1933. The barrier enclosing the lagoon began to erode rapidly after the construction of the port resulting in the complete destruction of the lagoon, leaving behind an open bay in its place.</p><br>
<p>Internationally, sediment starvation is causing the erosion of many important coastal features. Breakwaters and other man-made structures in Thailand are responsible for accelerated beach erosion which may start to affect tourism in the coming years.</p><br>
<p>In Hallsands, Devon, England, a combination of an existing seawall and new gravel dredging to form a harbour from 1986 to 1902, caused the erosion of the whole village by 1917. This was due to sediment starvation causing the erosion of the mixed sand and gravel barrier beaches which protected the village. They are not alone, the effects of man-made structures on restricting or diverting natural sediment transport are now well known and to some extent there is now a move away from these.</p><br>
<p>There is also an issue surrounding the pollution of the lagoon. Nearby freezing works have previously pumped waste water into the lagoon. Workers in charge of checking this discharge pipe also noted thinning of the barrier as early as 1897. More recently there has been concern about the pollution runoff from the Washdyke industrial area immediately to the west of the lagoon.</p><br>
<p>Another source of pollutants was the sewage outfall pipe which ended on the ocean side of the middle of the barrier and was in use until 1998. This pipe was constantly at risk to exposure and damage as the barrier eroded and would have contributed pollutants and caused eutrification in the lagoon.</p><br>
<h2>Remediation and Future Management</h2><br>
<p>Every ten months the entrance to the Timaru Port is dredged in order to keep the channel deep enough for use as a commercial port. Each time around 100,000m of fine grained sediments are removed. It was proven that 20% of these tailings are coarse enough to benefit Washdyke Barrier, so tailings have been dumped off the Washdyke coast since the early 1990s. However 80% of this material is unsuitable due to the fine, weathered nature of the sediments, making them less resistant to wave activity than the sediment source prior to port construction.</p><br>
<p>From 1979 to 1985 the Timaru City Council commissioned a length of the Washdyke Barrier to be renourished in order to protect a sewage outfall pipe and ascertain whether or not the system would viably protect the barrier structure. A 300-metre section of the barrier was raised 2-2.5 metres using sediments which have rolled over the barrier and are now on the lagoon side, then armouring them with coarse sediments brought in from Opihi River (12 kilometres away). Despite the overall findings of the report being that the project was technically and economically feasible no further renourishment work of the barrier has been undertaken. However, the effects of the renourishment on this section of the barrier is still evident (as of 2006).</p><br>
<p>Further work is needed in order to show the best way to maintain the bar economically and environmentally. This work needs to be site specific due to the unique morphodynamics and challenges that the lagoon is facing. Mixed sand and gravel barriers are an area that is being continuously studied and some long term behaviours are still not understood. A challenge to future work is that the Timaru Port is a major economic driver in the region and sections of the community may feel that Washdyke Lagoon is a necessary sacrifice.</p><br>
<h2>Ecological Value</h2><br>
<p>Washdyke Lagoon is a feeding ground for a variety of birds including waterfowl, handfuls of migratory godwits and sandpipers, herons and other species of water birds (Figure 5). Gulls and dotterels nest on the shingle barrier of the eastern side. However, in recent years black-fronted dotterel numbers have been declining. Saltmarsh ribbonwood, rushes and exotic plants can be found on the margins of the lagoon. A reef borders part of the coast just off the barrier, attracting oystercatchers and turnstones. The area is also popular for catching whitebait off the barrier.</p><br>
<p>The ecology of lagoon systems is lost if the sediment sources for these barriers is removed and their barriers erode away, bays then form in the lagoons place with inundation. This is what will happen at Washdyke Lagoon and other lagoons around the world if human activities continue to starve natural sediment supplies. This will have ecological implications and will also allow for flooding of land previously protected by the lagoon, such as the Washdyke industrial area.</p><br>
<p>The Scottish Rite Cathedral is a historic building designed by architect George F. Schreiber, located in downtown Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. It is owned by the Valley of Indianapolis Scottish Rite, an affiliated body of Freemasonry. It was built between 1927 and 1929 at the cost of $2.5 million. It was built with every dimension  being evenly divisible by three , with many being divisible by 33 .</p><br>
<p>The Cathedral is one of the largest Masonic buildings, and has been described as one of the finest examples of Neo-Gothic architecture in the United States The main tower features a 54-bell carillon and rises 212 ft above Indianapolis. It also has a floating ballroom. It also has a large pipe organ.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance, known as the Tiler&#39;s Room, is a cube of 33 ft. It features both Masonic symbols and the signs of the Zodiac.</p><br>
<p>The ballroom also embodies the number 33 by being 99 ft square, pillars defining the dancing area as 66 ft square, and the white oak floor panels are 33 in square. The chandelier has 200 lights and weighs 2,500 lb. The ballroom was designed in an Elizabethan architectural style.</p><br>
<p>In a 1996 poll, the Indianapolis Business Journal found the Cathedral to be the most popular historic building in the city, and the second favorite building of any type. In recent years it has received 100,000 visitors a year.</p><br>
<p>The Valley of Indianapolis is the only Scottish Rite Valley in the nation with an orchestra in residence, the Scottish Rite Orchestra, conducted by Ill. Jeff Warbinton, 33˚. The Orchestra was founded in 1946.</p><br>
<p>Guided tours are available on Tuesday through Friday from 10:00 AM to 2:00 PM and the third Saturday of each month from 10:00 AM to 2:00 PM.</p><br>
<p>The Woodbury Fisk House is a historic house in the Marcy-Holmes neighborhood of Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, built in 1869. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 for having local significance in the theme of architecture. It was nominated for being the most elaborate example of Italianate architecture—and one of the style&#39;s most intact specimens—in the city of Minneapolis.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Woodbury Fisk House rises two stories on a corner lot. It is constructed of buff-colored brick upon a limestone foundation topped with a water table. The original wing is L-shaped. An addition projecting to the rear also contains two stories but is 8 ft shorter. The addition is similar in style and material to the main section, suggesting it was built fairly soon after the original construction. A third, more recent addition at the rear is a one-story frame garage.</p><br>
<p>Elements of Italianate style include the extended eaves supported by prominent brackets, hooded arch windows, and an ornamented porch. In the case of the Woodbury Fisk House, the eaves are supported by scrolled brackets emerging in pairs from a dentilated and panelled cornice. The moulded window hoods are fairly simple on the first floor but sport a center crest and carved leaf design on the second. The arches, however, have been infilled following the installation of modern rectangular windows.</p><br>
<p>Both street-facing façades have ornamented porches conjoined to a projecting bay with tall, narrow windows. The front porch is open while the side porch is screened in. Both have arch supports with ornately carved spandrels and balusters. The main entrance consists of double doors topped with a stained glass transom window. The front yard features two mulberry trees.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Woodbury Fisk (1826–1889) was born in Warner, New Hampshire. He came to Minnesota in 1855 or &#39;56 with John S. Pillsbury and Thomas F. Andrews, friends who would each marry one of his sisters. Fisk and Pillsbury initially established themselves in business supplying hardware to the lumber industry, prospering enough by 1869 that Fisk could commission this house. With a third partner, the two men later founded the flour milling company of Pillsbury, Crocker, and Fisk.</p><br>
<p>Fisk married and had three daughters. In November 1888 he was beset by an outbreak of carbuncles, which reportedly sapped his formerly robust health. Fisk died in the house on January 18, 1889, mere days after his 63rd birthday. An obituary read: "though of quiet and unostentatious manner, he was a man whose good humor and hearty cheerfulness were felt wherever he went."</p><br>
<p>Historian Roger G. Kennedy discusses the house in his 2006 book Historic Homes of Minnesota but identifies it as the home of Hennepin County sheriff John A. Armstrong (1831–1878).</p><br>
<p>The George Rogers House is a historic house at 76 Northwest Street in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Probably built about 1839, it was home to a prominent local brickmaker, and forms a significant part of the landscape around the adjacent Richard Jackson House . The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. Although it is owned by Historic New England, it is not open to the public, unlike the Jackson house, also owned by Historic New England.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The George Rogers House is located in what is now a residential enclave on the north side of Portsmouth&#39;s North Mill Pond, bounded by Maplewood Avenue and the USA Route 1 Bypass. It is set on the south side of Northwest Street, just east of the Richard Jackson House, and faces south toward a small orchard and the former mill pond, with its back to the street. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. It is five bays wide and two deep, and is set on a brick foundation, with brick chimneys. The main entrance has simple molding, but is framed by pilasters and an entablature.</p><br>
<p>The two-story wood frame house was built by George Rogers, on land originally subdivided by Nathaniel Jackson, owner of the Jackson House at the time. Rogers, a native of Eliot, Maine, operated a brickyard on the land he purchased from Jackson. There is some evidence that the brick used in this house, including some used as nogging, came from the Rogers brickyard, which began operations in 1839. The Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities (now Historic New England) purchased the Jackson house in 1924, whose parcel was less than an acre in size. It acquired the Rogers house in 1959 to enlarge its holdings around the Jackson house and protect its setting.</p><br>
<p>Arlington is a historic Federal style house and outbuildings in Natchez, Mississippi. The 55 acre property, which includes three contributing buildings, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Tradition maintains that Arlington was built by John Hampton White, a native of Elizabethtown, New Jersey, and his wife, Jane Surget White. The date that construction of the house began is murky. It is thought by scholars to have been built about 1819–20.</p><br>
<p>The architect of Arlington is unknown. Its design has historically been attributed to John Hampton White, but no documentation exists to validate the claim. What is documented is that Lewis Evans, a wealthy Natchez planter, purchased the land on which Arlington stands in 1806. Here he established a plantation and built a house. In 1814 he sold a portion of the plantation containing his house to Jonathan Thompson, a land speculator. Thompson then sold the Arlington property, including the house built by Evans, to Mrs. Jane Surget White in December 1818. Jane White was the daughter of Pierre Surget, a French emigrant at the head of one of Natchez&#39;s leading families.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Arlington has been considered by architectural historians to be "one of four important Federal Style villas which established the basic form for the later antebellum houses of Natchez." Situated atop a low natural hill, the red brick house is two full stories above a low basement. The exterior of the main block measures 64 x.</p><br>
<p>The front facade is five bays wide, with the three central bays fronted by a tetrastyle portico featuring four monumental Doric columns. The front doorways on both levels are trimmed with radiating brick voussoirs, with carved marble impost blocks and keystones. The openings are each filled by two sidelights with</p><br>
<p>decorative muntins, and a fanlight around a central door. All of the window openings are enhanced with carved marble sills and lintels.</p><br>
<p>The interior is divided on both main levels using a central hall plan, with two rooms to each side. The east side features a stair-hall, with a fanlight-topped doorway connecting it to the main hall. The Federal style woodwork of the interior is refined. Of special note are the carved overdoor panels.</p><br>
<p>Service wings lie to the rear of the main house. At the southeastern corner of the main house is an attached one-story brick wing. It is fronted by a porch with slender, turned columns. At right angles to the one-story wing is a detached, two-story,</p><br>
<p>brick outbuilding. It served as the kitchen and cook&#39;s quarters. Attached to</p><br>
<p>the rear wall of this outbuilding is a one-story, brick carriage house. A two-story barn is situated about 150 ft west of the rear courtyard, separated by a geometric boxwood garden.</p><br>
<p>During the mid-19th century, a full-width monumental portico was added to the rear. It features Doric columns matching those at the front and Greek Revival woodwork underneath. At this time a cast iron porch was added over a central doorway to the stair-hall on the east side of the house and the attached wing was reworked.</p><br>
<h2>Fire and aftermath</h2><br>
<p>Arlington suffered a disastrous fire on September 17, 2002 that destroyed the main roof and much of the second floor. A new roof was built through the efforts of the Historic Natchez Foundation shortly after the fire. Vandals subsequently broke many windows and destroyed or defaced much of the interior and exterior woodwork. Following a lawsuit filed by the Natchez Preservation Commission, the absentee owner was fined on December 2, 2009 in the municipal court of Natchez after being convicted of demolition by neglect.</p><br>
<p>Kashwakamak Lake is a freshwater lake in North Frontenac, Frontenac County, Ontario, Canada. It is located east of Cloyne, and southeast of Bon Echo Provincial Park.</p><br>
<p>The lake is 15 km long, 0.75 km wide, has a surface area of 1,159.8 hectare with a rocky shoreline and a maximum depth of 22 m, and lies at an elevation of 260 m. The primary inflow and outflow is the Mississippi River, upstream from Marble Lake over the Whitefish Rapids, and downstream, controlled by the Kashwakamak Lake Dam, towards Mud Lake.</p><br>
<p>This lake is home to a variety of fish species including Largemouth bass, Northern pike, Smallmouth bass, Rock bass, Pumpkinseed, Walleye, and Yellow perch. It is also home to private cottages as well as Aragain Lodge, Fernleigh Lodge, Swing Wright, Twin Oaks Lodge, and Woodcrest Resort Park.</p><br>
<p>The Ministry of Environment Self Help Program makes it possible along with the Lake Partner Program to provide water quality testing by the Members of the Lake Association volunteers. The Mississippi Valley Conservation Authority has a Watershed Watch Program which provides the comparison of water testing which has taken place since 1976 to present day.</p><br>
<p>Alcorn State University Historic District is a historic district on the campus of Alcorn State University in rural Claiborne County, Mississippi, northwest of Lorman. It includes Oakland Memorial Chapel, a National Historic Landmark, and seven other buildings.</p><br>
<p>Rowan and Martin were two graduates who served as President in the early 1900s and improved the campus. L.J. Rowan was president during 1905-1911 and 1915-1934, and J.A. Martin was president during 1911-1915.</p><br>
<p>It includes eight contributing buildings:</p><br>
<p>Belles Lettres (c. 1855), Greek Revival.</p><br>
<p>Dormitory #2. (c. 1855), Greek Revival.</p><br>
<p>Dormitory #3. (c. 1855), Greek Revival.</p><br>
<p>Administration Building (1928)</p><br>
<p>Harmon Hall (1929)</p><br>
<p>President&#39;s House (c. 1930)</p><br>
<p>Oakland Chapel (c. 1938)</p><br>
<p>Lanier Hall (1939), Colonial Revival.</p><br>
<p>The 1959 Library and Science Building is an intrusion in the district.</p><br>
<p>Ammadelle is a historic house at 637 North Lamar Street in Oxford, Mississippi. Built in 1859, it is an Italianate mansion designed by Calvert Vaux, which he regarded as one of his finest works. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Ammadelle is set on a landscaped 7 acre parcel on the west side of North Lamar Street south of its junction with Price Street. It is a red brick building, two stories in height, with white Italianate trim and black shutters. It has an irregular plan, with porches flanking a projecting central gabled entry pavilion. The porches, single story in height, have Italianate trim and low balustrades above. Windows on the second level are set in round-arch openings, with deeply projecting bracketed cornices above. The entry is recessed deeply within the pavilion, which has an open arch to the left porch.</p><br>
<p>The house was designed by Calvert Vaux in 1857, and construction of the building took place between 1859 and 1861. Final details were incomplete when the American Civil War started, and the missing details (balconies across the rear, and a wine cellar) were never finished. Vaux was at the time of the commission just 34, and had recently struck out on his own after having worked with Andrew Jackson Downing, a major proponent of the Italianate style. That Vaux thought Ammadelle was one of his best works is suggested by his inclusion of a similar design in the second and third editions of his book Villas and Cottages.</p><br>
<p>The house was built for Thomas E.B. Pegues. It has been very well preserved, with only minor alterations. Vaux&#39;s original plans are with the owner of the building.</p><br>
